Masonry and reinforced-concrete structure.



D. B. LUTEN. MASONRY AND REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 6, 1907. 1348,8 13. Patented Dec.31,1912.

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'D.B.LUTEN. MASONRY AND REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE.

APPLTOATION FILED MAYG, 1907 1,048,843. Patehted Dec.31,1912.

2 BHEETS-SHEET 2.

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DANIEL B. LUTEN, 0F INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA.

MASONRY AND REINFORCED-CONCRETE STRUCTURE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented'Dec. 31, 1912.

- Application filed May 6, 1907. Serial No. 872,147.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, DANIEL B. Loren a citizen of the United States, residing at indianapolis, in the county of Marion and State of Indiana, have invented new and useful Improvements in Masonry and Reinforced-Concrete Structures, of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming a part of this specification.

My invention relates to' improvements in masonry and reinforced concrete structures applying more particularly to 'abutments and wings for bridges in which a high springing and clearance is desired with efliciency in resisting the thrust of the earth fill and the weight or thrust of the structure.

This invention has for its object the providing ofa durable and efficient structure of handsome appearance suited to the needs of street crossings where a high'springing and clearance are required at the ends of the span.

Another object is to provide an eflicient reinforced abutment or wing near the end of the span capable of resisting the pressure of the earth behind it with a minimum of material; and finally, by combining this abutment or wing with a horizontal member, to resist the thrust of the arch or bridge and thus reduce the amount of material required in the abutments, thus further increasing the efficiency of the-structure.

These several objects will be readily understood upon reference to the accompanying drawings illustrating my invention in the preferred forms and the constructions of its several features, wherein:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view taken on the center line of the bridge; Fig. 2 is an elevation of the same structure showmg one arrangement of Wingand spandrel wall to conform to the section shown 1n Fig.

1'; F i 3 is a transverse section taken onthe dotte line 3-3 of Fig. 2,-look1ng toward the abutment; Fig. 4 IS a modification of purpose of Fig. 2, accomplishing the same supporting the earth filllng wit in a part of the'span, but with the wing separated from the arch, or brid e roper; Fig. 5 1s a transverse section on t e ine 5-5 of F ig. 4; Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section showlng a. modified form of the abutment shown in F ig. 1; Fig. 7 is a plan of a bridge abut ment and wings showing the arran ement of the reinforcement to resist the ear pressure; Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section of a similar arch in which thesame result is accomplished in a modified manner.

Fig. 1 of the drawingsshows in section part of an arch bridge extending from bank l-to the pier 2 and provided with an abutment consisting of ribs 4 and 5 which converge toward the springing line and which terminate in a'transverse footing 3. This abutment is built by first laying the lower. rib 4 on the previously excavated earth foundations, then covering that rib with cart to form a bed for the upper rib 5 whic is then laid on the earth filling 6. In order to secure a high springing suitable for street crossings, :1 false bench wall 7 is extended from the springing downward. It may be attached to and carried by the arch, (Fig. 6) or may be built on a separate foot-'- ing (Fig. l) and is adapted to give the intrados of the arch a high springing point without the use of the mass of masonry in the abutment that would be required if the abutment and bench wall were cast in one solid piece; The bench wall may be extended beyond the face of .the arch in wings such as 7 to hold the toe of the slope and earth filling allowed to fill in behind the wingse and bench wall to partl fill the opening hind the wall. The are will then a v pear to have a solid abutment except for all; slight line of junction along the springing. The part above the junction line 12 is in the form of a projection 11 extending below the surface 19 of the arch and having a sharper curvature 20 to make the lower surface of the arch conform to the face of the wall 7. There results an arch of handsome appearance as shown in Fig. 2 with oval curve and high springings, yet in which thewall 7 and wings 7 are independent from the body of the arch and supported'on' separate foundations.

The reinforcing rib shown in Fig. 1 and in Fig. 3 consists of pairs of angles 8 and 9 following the intrados and extrados res ectively. The pairs of angles are join by web lzfcing bars 10. At the left of Fig. 1. the rib is shown extended into the abutment to secure anchorage. The extradosal air of an Ice alone may be extended and W1 provige a sufiicientanchorage for most cases. A further improvement would be the omis- '15 light reinforcement at t the regions of shear, and the improvementmight be.carried to the point where the upper member of the rib would be omitted g over the crown and thelower member at the 'haunches; the reinforcement then consists of an intradosal angle over the crown and "an extradosal angle cover the haunches joined to'the intradosal angle by shearing v10 members where they overlap. But it is to be noted that in arches of morethan one span a loadon one Span may tend to cause the adjacent span to rise at the crown and thus fail, but which ma be resisted by a e extrados above the crown. v Fig. 2 is an elevation showing an arch pointed or Gothic at the spandrel faces 14 changin to oval 13 under the middle of 99 the roa way 15. (See also Fig. 3.) The arch is "constructed with Gothic ends be- T cause the spandrel loading is vertical, which calls for a curve different from that of the .earth fill loading which is nearly normal.

25 A stone spandrel or railing is even more certain than a- .concrete spand'rel to produce vertical loading, hence the advantage of Gothice nd construction in such places. An icebreaker 16 extends V vertically upward so from the conical cap 17 of the rounded end of'the ier 2 and is made up of two surfaces formed back toward the arch and flattens into the spandrel wall-at the coping 18.

Fig. 3 shows in cross-section an arch construction having. reinforcing ribs embedded in ribs 21 of masonry. An arch drum 22 connects the ribs and-is reinforced by rods 23 passing through the ribs and sagging near the intrados of the drum between the ribs. The outside ribs 24' are built up to extend above the level of the roadway and constitute railings for the bridge; the space between the rails up to a suitable height is filled in to form the roadway. The dotted line near the springing line of Fig.3 is to show the possible line of division in case the win' and false wall are built. on footings. I the false wall is suspended this line 60 will not appear and the spandrel wall might be carrie .across the opening between the parts of thejabutments and no wings be used. If the wings are used the o enin sneed not be closed but the earth filling will fall back into the openin to close it. This is more clsarly. shownin igs. 4 and 5 where the false wall 7 and the wing 7 are shown detached from the arch and with a s ace 17 between; the earth .fill falling wit in the span of the arch itself is sup ortecl by this wing which is built to a heig t sufiicient to hol the earth fill havin a slope as shown at 11. The earth fill wil of course also fall within the openin between the back 9f the 68 wing and the arc) and will fall within the to constitute a wedge that. slopes .span at a slope 12 to whichthe' top. of the false wall should be built in order to support it.

Fig. 6 shows an arch structure reinforced near both surfaces; the heavier sections lighter sections through the compression rethe point of minimum bending moment. It will be understood that increase of metal may be secured by adding sections at the crown and at the haunches, or by increasin the' cross-section of the sections of meta In this form of structure the abutment consists of a horizontal member and a vertical memberfthe vertical member 7 having its back face inclined upward away. from the stream and having vertical reinforcing mempassing through the tension regions and the gions; with laps of the sections madenear bers 26 embedded which may be joined to the longitudinal members in the body of the structure. Occasional vertical masonry ribs join the ends of the two members of the abutment and have embedded tension members 27 connecting the vertical tension members 26 with the longitudinal tension membersi28. In the above structure the vertical pressure is not transmitted to the base of r the vertical member but is carried by the horizontal member and the horizontal thrust v is carried by the vertical member at its back face. An advantage of this abutment is that it may be built without destroying the bearing'surface. of the embankment a ainst required back of the abutment.

Referring next to Fig. 7 'whichflshows in la-n the ,wings of Fig. 3, an important eature of improvement to which my present-invention pertains, resides in the re inforcing of said wings with steel rods 25 embedded therein extendin from end to end of the wings and throug the false wall tended 'to' resist the thrust of the earth fill and are arranged near the upper surfaces -of the wings. As an additional reinforcement and bond between the wings and the abutment or end walls a substantially horirod'or rods extending through the lower portions of the wings and intermediate abutment near the level of the stream.

In Fig. 8 by across the openings between the false wall and the main arch and continuingthem to 38 sothat the slope of the earth 39 will clear this opening a passageway may then be left through the spandrel walls 40 where they extend below the arch so as to provide a'footway 41 separated from the main driveway 42. A tie rod 43 embedded in a'pavement-44--ex.tends...fiom abutment to abutment to resistthe thrust bfiheamh- All the horizontal thrust since no'back filling is Y I n of abutment between. .These rods are in-' zontal rod or rods may be'employed, said extending the spandrels of this masonry, since it is tied-t0 the abutment, helps to resist the thrust of the arch.

By giving this tie a sharp inclination upward as at 45 toward the abutment it is ssible to induce compression in the wall so that it will not be suspended from the arch although it may be attached to it and kept in alinement by embedded members 26.

I claim: i

1. An arch bridge comprising an are provided with a spandrel wall and covered with granular filling escaping around the end of said spandrel wall, an upright wall supported on footings intermediatethe ends of the arch and extending longitudinally of the axis thereof, said 'wall projecting outside the exposed face of the spandrel wall and supporting the escaping granular filling. a

2. Anarch bridge comprising an arch, an upright wall intermediate the ends of the arch and extending longitudinallyaof the archaxis, and unsupported by the arch yet approaching closely the under surface of the arch, and a projection below the under surface of the arch conformingoto the face of the wall.

3. An arch bridge comprising an arch, a plurality of passageways extending entirely through under the arch, said passageways being separated by upright walls unsupported by the arch, and rojecting surfaces extending below the un er surface of the arch to conform to said Walls.

4. An arch bridge comprising an arch suported on abutments,tens1on members extendmg from abutment to abutment below the opening of the arch, a pavement embedding said tension members, an upright wall resting on said "pavement, anda projection projecting below the under surface of the arch and conforming to the upper end of said wall said tension members having an upwall.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name in witnesses.

DANIEL B. LUTEN.

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